I notice something which all the countries with a birthrate below replacement level have: first, the women are largely educated now and a vital part of the workforce. That process is near complete in these countries. Second, all these societies have been pretty chauvinist in the past with a l-o-n-g history of denigrating care for others as 'women's work'. And yet we wonder why women would rather not marry and have children? If the men among the males want children, maybe they should step up and say they will do x, y and z for the children--and put it in writing (marriage contracts) if that's what it takes, although I'm inclined to think Mother Earth might relax and feel better if she's carrying fewer of us 'hoomins'.